So I am jumping into this all in, headfirst. Lots of DR experience, however not in this format and not with this machine.
I just (somehow) scored a De Vere 810H horizontal enlarger for a really great price. I drive 10 hours to pick it up in the next day or two.
Sadly, the unit does not come with a lens. However it does come with 2 lens panels, 1 flat and 1 recessed panel, color head etc. Presumably I am assuming each panel is used for different focal lengths. I ordered the manual as well, however I'd like to get user insight if possible.
Does anyone out there have recommendation for a nice lens? I am printing from 8x10 primarily. SO 300mm to 360mm would be ideal. My question is should I be looking for a specific thread size? or would any 300mm enlarging lens do the trick?
Also, regarding laser leveling, any insight for this process? Tools used, tricks. I am printing b&w mural size prints, using a trough style developing method (hopefully). Sizing will vary, but starting 80x50ish.
Thanks for the help!
~Ashlyn
- De Vere Enlarger Manual Arts And Science
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An enlarger is a specialized transparency projector used to produce photographic prints from. Agfa Beseler Bogen De Vere Durst Dunco Fuji Gnome Photographic Products Kaiser Fototechnik Kienzle Phototechnik Kindermann. Our Products DE VERE 504DS Digital Enlarger. The DE VERE 504DS digital enlarger brings digital life to your darkroom. The DE VERE 504DS digital enlarger is supplied ready to use, allowing you to create expose both colour and B&W prints from digital files onto standard photographic material. PDF Michael Brecker Invitation transcription This is Michael Brecker’s solo on Invitation. This is a great post. I love your blog, and will plan to keep visiting. We named our dog Brecker after. (Basically, this is a bench enlarger mounted to a special stand.) It's a fine enlarger. If it is color, the dichroic filters have probably faded, especially the magenta. De Vere for some reason put the color filters between the lamps and the heat reflecting glass. De Vere 504DS digital enlarger Darkroom equipment is nothing like as common at photokina as it once was, but De Vere, Kaiser, and Kienzle were still showing current-production enlargers, anything from a simple 35mm enlarger from Kaiser to the new 17 million-megapixel 504DS large format digital-head enlarger from De Vere.
Scheme of a photographic enlarger.
An enlarger is a specialized transparency projector used to produce photographic prints from film or glass negatives using the gelatin silver process, or from transparencies.
Construction
All enlargers consist of a light source, normally an incandescent light bulb, a condenser or translucent screen to provide even illumination, a holder for the negative or transparency, and a specialized lens for projection. The light passes through a film holder, which holds the exposed and developed photographic negative or transparency.
Prints made with an enlarger are called enlargements. Typically, enlargers are used in a darkroom, an enclosed space from which extraneous light may be excluded; some commercial enlargers have an integral dark box so that they can be used in a light-filled room.
Types of Enlarger
Photographic Enlarger.
A condenser enlarger consists of a light source, a condensing lens, a holder for the negative and a projecting lens. The condenser provides even illumination to the negative beneath it.
A diffuser enlarger's light source is diffused by translucent glass or plastic, providing even illumination for the film.
Condenser enlargers produce higher contrast than diffusers because light is scattered from its path by the negative's image silver; this is called the Callier Effect. The condenser's increased contrast emphasises any negative defects, such as dirt and scratches, and image grain.
Microsoft office for mac os x 10.7. Diffuser enlargers produce an image of the same contrast as a contact print from the negative.[1]
Dedicated color enlargers contain an adjustable filter mechanism - the color head - between the light source and the negative, enabling the user to control the amount of cyan, magenta and yellow light reaching the negative. Other models have a drawer where cut filters can be inserted into the light path. These enlargers can also be used with variable-contrast monochrome papers.
Digital enlargers project an image from an LCD screen at the film plane, to produce a photographic enlargement from a digital file.[2]
Enlarger physical arrangements
Most modern enlargers are vertically mounted with the head pointing downward and adjusted up or down to change the size of the image projected onto the enlarger's base, or a work table if the unit is mounted to the wall.
A horizontal enlarger consists of a trestle, with the head mounted on crossbars between two or more posts for extra stability. A horizontal enlarger structure is used when high quality, large format enlargements are required such as when photographs are taken from aircraft for mapping and taxation purposes.[citation needed]
The parts of the enlarger include baseboard, enlarger head, elevation knob, filter holder, negative carrier, glass plate, focus knob, girder scale, timer, bellows, and housing lift.
Principles of operation
Enlarger lens: using the diaphragm - aperture ring the photographer adjusts the iris.
The image from the negative or transparency is projected through a lens fitted with an adjustable iris aperture, onto to a flat surface bearing the sensitized photographic paper. By adjusting the ratio of distance from film to lens to the distance from lens to paper, various degrees of enlargement may be obtained, with the physical enlargement ratio limited only by the structure of the enlarger and the size of the paper. As the image size is changed it is also necessary to change the focus of the lens. Some enlargers, such as Leica's 'Autofocus' enlargers, perform this automatically.
An easel is used to hold the paper perfectly flat. Some easels are designed with adjustable overlapping flat steel 'blades' to crop the image on the paper to the desired size while keeping an unexposed white border about the image. Paper is sometimes placed directly on the table or enlarger base, and held down flat with metal strips.
The enlargement is made by first focusing the image with the lamp on, the lens at maximum aperture and the easel empty, usually with the aid of a focus finder. The lamp is turned off, or in some cases, shuttered by a light-tight mechanism.
The image is focused by changing the distance between the lens and the film, achieved by adjusting the length of a light-tight bellows with a geared rack and pinion mechanism.[3]
Electronic timer: photographers choose exposure time.
The lens is set to its working aperture. Enlarging lenses have an optimum range of apertures which yield a sharp image from corner to corner, which is 3 f/ stops smaller than the maximum aperture of the lens. For an enlargng lens with a maximum aperture of f/2.8, the optimal aperture would be f/8. [4] The lens is normally set to this aperture and any color filtration dialed in, if making a color print or one on variable-contrast black-and-white paper.
The enlarger's lamp or shutter mechanism is controlled either by an electronic timer, or by the operator - who marks time with a clock, metronome or simply by counting seconds - shuttering or turning off the lamp when the exposure is complete. The exposed paper can be processed immediately or placed in a light-tight container for later processing.
Digitally controlled commercial enlargers typically adjust exposure in steps known as printer points; twelve printer points makes a factor of two change in exposure.
Paper processing
After exposure, photographic paper is developed, fixed, washed and dried using the gelatin silver process.
Automated print machines
Automated photo print machines have the same basic elements and integrate each of the steps outlined above in a single complex machine under operator and computer control.
Rather than project directly from the film negative to the print paper, a digital image may first be captured from the negative. This allows the operator or computer to quickly determine adjustments to brightness, contrast, clipping, and other characteristics. The image is then rendered by passing light through the negative and a built-in computer controlled enlarger optically projects this image to the paper for final exposure.
As a byproduct of the process a Compact Disc recording may be made of the digital images, although a subsequent print made from these may be quite inferior to an image made from the negative due to digitization noise and lack of dynamic range which are characteristics of the digitizing process.
For better images, the negatives may be reprinted using the same automated machine under operator selection of the print to be made.
Advantages
- The image may be printed to a size different from the negative or transparency. Without an enlarger, only a contact print would be possible, and large images would require large size negatives and hence very large cameras.
- Local contrast and density of various parts of the print can be easily controlled. Changing the amount of light exposing the paper in various areas will change the image density in those areas. A mask with a hole can be used to add extra light to an area 'burning', which will have the effect of darkening the regions with additional exposure, while the use of a small wand to reduce the total exposure to a region is called 'dodging' and has the effect of lightening the regions with reduced exposure. The tool is kept moving to avoid producing a sharp edge at the region boundary. Using these techniques it is possible to make significant changes to the mood or emphasis of a photographic print. Similar methods are available with contact printing, but it is more difficult to see the image as it is being manipulated.
- It is also possible to make composite photographs by overlaying the print with a hand-cut mask, performing an exposure, and then using the inverse of that mask to perform another exposure with a different negative. This is much more difficult to do well using photographic methods than it is now by using the methods of modern digital image manipulation.
Image enlargement limits
Adjusting elevation knob: change in image size.
The practical amount of enlargement (irrespective of the enlarger structure) will depend upon the grain size of the negative, the sharpness (accuracy) of both the camera and projector lenses, blur in the image due to subject motion and camera shake during the exposure, and the intended viewing distance of the final product.
For example, a 5 by 7 inch print intended for viewing in a scrapbook at 18 inches may be unsuitable for enlargement as an 8 by 10 inch print to be hung on a hallway wall to be viewed at the same distance, but usable at a larger 5 by 7 feet (twelve times larger) on a billboard to be viewed no closer than eighteen feet (twelve times more distant).
Manufacturers
De Vere Enlarger Manual Arts And Science
As the photographic market shifts away from film-based towards electronic imaging technology, many manufacturers no longer make enlargers for the professional photographer. Durst, who made high quality enlargers, stopped producing them in 2005, but still supports already sold models. Manufacturers old and new include:
- Gnome Photographic Products[5][lower-alpha 1]
- Lucky (now owned by Kenko)
- Ōmiya Shashin-yōhin K.K.
See also
- Gelatin silver process for an overview of the dominant photographic printmaking process;
- Photographic printing for an overview of analogue photographic printmaking methods;
- Contact printer for a non-enlarging method of producing photographic prints;
- Projector for a directory of projector types.
Notes
- ↑Established in pre-WW2 Stuttgart, moved to UK in 1938, closed in 1994 [6]
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References
De Vere Enlarger Manual Arts Online
- ↑'Diffuser vs Condenser Enlargers'. Applications Printing In Black & White Darkroom Equipment. Ilford Photo. Retrieved October 4, 2015.<templatestyles src='Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css'></templatestyles>
- ↑'De Vere 504 DS Digital Enlarger'. Odyssey Sales. Archived from the original on 7 August 2008. Retrieved 21 September 2015.<templatestyles src='Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css'></templatestyles>
- ↑'Black and White World's Enlarger Guide'. Retrieved 2008-07-29.<templatestyles src='Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css'></templatestyles>
- ↑Jacobson, Ralph E. (2000). '6 - Optical aberrations and lens performance'. The manual of photography : photographic and digital imaging (9th ed.). Boston, Mass.: Focal Press. p. 80. ISBN978-0-240-51574-8.<templatestyles src='Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css'></templatestyles>
- ↑http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Gnome_Photographic_Products
- ↑'Gnome Pixie'. The Camera Shelf. Retrieved 4 October 2015.<templatestyles src='Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css'></templatestyles>
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